🎯 `Tujuan`

Memberikan panduan langkah demi langkah dalam mengimplementasikan operasi CRUD menggunakan Laravel dengan pola arsitektur MVC.

⏰ `Konteks`

Panduan ini berguna bagi developer yang ingin mempelajari cara menggunakan Laravel untuk membuat, membaca, memperbarui, dan menghapus data (CRUD) menggunakan struktur MVC.

🪵 `Hal yang Diperlukan`

Laravel (versi terbaru)
Visual Studio Code
Composer (versi terbaru)
XAMPP atau Laragon untuk pengembangan lokal

📋 `Langkah-Langkah`

Setup Proyek

Buat proyek Laravel baru:

composer create-project laravel/laravel nama_proyek

Konfigurasi database di .env:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=nama_database
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

Jalankan server lokal dan database (melalui XAMPP/Laragon).
Jalankan migrasi awal:
```
php artisan migrate
```

Membuat Model dan Migrasi

Buat Model dan Migration:
```
php artisan make:model Student -m
```

Definisikan struktur tabel di file migrasi:

Schema::create('students', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->integer('age');
    $table->string('class');
    $table->text('address');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Atur model di app/Models/Student.php:

protected $fillable = ['name', 'age', 'class', 'address'];

Jalankan migrasi:
```
php artisan migrate
```

Implementasi Controller

Buat Controller:

php artisan make:controller StudentController

Tambahkan metode CRUD di app/Http/Controllers/StudentController.php:

// Menampilkan semua siswa
public function index() {
    $students = Student::all();
    return view('students.index', compact('students'));
}

// Menambah siswa baru
public function store(Request $request) {
    $request->validate([
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'age' => 'required|integer|min:1',
        'class' => 'required|string|max:10',
        'address' => 'required|string|max:255',
    ]);
    Student::create($request->all());
    return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Siswa berhasil ditambahkan.');
}

// Mengedit data siswa
public function edit(Student $student) {
    return view('students.edit', compact('student'));
}

// Memperbarui data siswa
public function update(Request $request, Student $student) {
    $request->validate([
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'age' => 'required|integer|min:1',
        'class' => 'required|string|max:10',
        'address' => 'required|string|max:255',
    ]);
    $student->update($request->all());
    return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Data siswa berhasil diperbarui.');
}

// Menghapus siswa
public function destroy(Student $student) {
    $student->delete();
    return redirect()->route('students.index')->with('success', 'Siswa berhasil dihapus.');
}

Konfigurasi Route

Tambahkan rute di routes/web.php:

use App\\Http\\Controllers\\StudentController;

Route::get('students', [StudentController::class, 'index'])->name('students.index');
Route::post('students', [StudentController::class, 'store'])->name('students.store');
Route::get('students/edit/{student}', [StudentController::class, 'edit'])->name('students.edit');
Route::put('students/edit/{student}', [StudentController::class, 'update'])->name('students.update');
Route::delete('students/{student}', [StudentController::class, 'destroy'])->name('students.destroy');

Pembuatan View

Buat file view:

resources/views/students/index.blade.php – Untuk daftar dan menambah siswa

<!-- resources/views/students/index.blade.php -->

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link href="<https://unpkg.com/tailwindcss@^2/dist/tailwind.min.css>" rel="stylesheet">
    <title>Data Semua Student</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container mx-auto">

        <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Daftar Siswa</h1>
        <table class="table-auto w-full">
            <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th class="px-4 py-2">Nama</th>
                    <th class="px-4 py-2">Age</th>
                    <th class="px-4 py-2">Class</th>
                    <th class="px-4 py-2">Address</th>
                    <th class="px-4 py-2">Action</th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                @foreach ($students as $student)
                    <tr>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">{{ $student->name }}</td>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">{{ $student->age }}</td>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">{{ $student->class }}</td>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">{{ $student->address }}</td>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">
                            {{ $student->address }}
                        </td>
                        <td class="border px-4 py-2">
                            <!-- Tombol edit -->
                            <a href="{{ route('students.edit', $student->id) }}" class="bg-yellow-500 hover:bg-yellow-700 text-white font-bold py-1 px-3 rounded ml-2">Edit</a>

                            <!-- Tombol hapus -->
                            <form action="{{ route('students.destroy', $student->id) }}" method="POST" class="inline-block">
                                @csrf
                                @method('DELETE')
                                <button type="submit" class="bg-red-500 hover:bg-red-700 text-white font-bold py-1 px-3 rounded ml-2" onclick="return confirm('Apakah Anda yakin ingin menghapus siswa ini?')">Hapus</button>
                            </form>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                @endforeach
            </tbody>
        </table>
        <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Tambah Data Siswa</h1>

        <!-- Pesan validasi error -->
        @if ($errors->any())
            <div class="bg-red-500 text-white p-4 rounded">
                <ul>
                    @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                        <li>{{ $error }}</li>
                    @endforeach
                </ul>
            </div>
        @endif

        <!-- Form untuk menambahkan siswa baru -->
        <form action="{{ route('students.store') }}" method="POST" class="bg-white shadow-md rounded px-8 pt-6 pb-8 mb-4">
            @csrf
            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="name" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Nama Siswa:</label>
                <input type="text" name="name" id="name" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('name') }}">
            </div>

            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="age" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Umur:</label>
                <input type="number" name="age" id="age" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('age') }}">
            </div>

            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="class" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Kelas:</label>
                <input type="text" name="class" id="class" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('class') }}">
            </div>

            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="address" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Alamat:</label>
                <textarea name="address" id="address" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline">{{ old('address') }}</textarea>
            </div>

            <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
                <button type="submit" class="bg-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-700 text-white font-bold py-2 px-4 rounded focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline">
                    Simpan
                </button>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html

resources/views/students/edit.blade.php – Untuk mengedit siswa

<!-- resources/views/students/edit.blade.php -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Edit Data student</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container mx-auto">
        <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold mb-4">Edit Data Siswa</h1>
    
        <!-- Pesan validasi error -->
        @if ($errors->any())
            <div class="bg-red-500 text-white p-4 rounded">
                <ul>
                    @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                        <li>{{ $error }}</li>
                    @endforeach
                </ul>
            </div>
        @endif
    
        <!-- Form untuk mengupdate data siswa -->
        <form action="{{ route('students.update', $student->id) }}" method="POST" class="bg-white shadow-md rounded px-8 pt-6 pb-8 mb-4">
            @csrf
            @method('PUT')
    
            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="name" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Nama Siswa:</label>
                <input type="text" name="name" id="name" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('name', $student->name) }}">
            </div>
    
            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="age" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Umur:</label>
                <input type="number" name="age" id="age" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('age', $student->age) }}">
            </div>
    
            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="class" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Kelas:</label>
                <input type="text" name="class" id="class" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" value="{{ old('class', $student->class) }}">
            </div>
    
            <div class="mb-4">
                <label for="address" class="block text-gray-700 text-sm font-bold mb-2">Alamat:</label>
                <textarea name="address" id="address" class="shadow appearance-none border rounded w-full py-2 px-3 text-gray-700 leading-tight focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline">{{ old('address', $student->address) }}</textarea>
            </div>
    
            <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
                <button type="submit" class="bg-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-700 text-white font-bold py-2 px-4 rounded focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline">
                    Update
                </button>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</body>
</html

Kesimpulan

Dengan mengikuti langkah-langkah ini, Anda dapat mengimplementasikan operasi CRUD di Laravel menggunakan arsitektur MVC, mulai dari setup proyek, membuat model dan migrasi, hingga pembuatan controller dan view.

🎯 Tujuan

⏰ Konteks

🪵 Hal yang Diperlukan

📋 Langkah-Langkah

📋 Documentation

🎯 `Tujuan`

⏰ `Konteks`

🪵 `Hal yang Diperlukan`

📋 `Langkah-Langkah`

📋 `Documentation`